Providence yet kinder, gave us two Arts, which might express the very Lines of the Face, the Air of the Countenance, and in it a great part of the Mind of all those whom they should undertake to Represent ; and these are, Sculpture and Painting.
            Michael Angelo, the famousest Sculptor of these Modern Ages, looking one day earnestly upon a Statue of St. Mark made by Donatello, after having long admired it, said at last, That if Saint Mark were like that Statue, he would have believed his Gospel upon his Physionomy, for it was the honestest Face that ever was made. ’Tis hard to say, whether he commended the Artist, the Saint, or the Art it self most by this Expression : But this Inference we may make from it, That if the Faces of Heroes do express the Greatness of their Minds, those Arts which perpetuate their Memory that way, are the truest of all Records.

I shall not undertake to determine here, which of these two Arts [ndr : la peinture et la sculpture] deserves our Admiration most : [...] But this I may say in favour of the Art of Painting, whose praises I am now to Celebrate, That it certainly is of a greater Extent than Sculpture, and has an Infiniter Latitude to delight us withal. [...] And from this Idæa of the Art, we may naturally derive a Consequence of the Admiration and Esteem due by us to the Artist ; he who at the same time is both Painter, Poet, Historian, Architect, Anatomist, Mathematician, and Naturalist ; he Records the Truth, Adorns the Fable, Pleases the Fancy, Recreates the Eye, Touches the Soul ; and in a word, entertains you with Silent Instructions, which are neither guilty of Flattery, nor Satyr ; and which you may either give over, or repeat with new Delight as often as you please.
            If these Qualities do not sufficiently recommend the Owner of them to our Esteem, I know not what can ; and yet by a strange Fatality, we name the word Painter, without reflecting upon his Art, and most dis-ingeniously, seem to place him among the Mechanicks, who has the best Title to all the Liberal Arts.

I shall not undertake to determine here, which of these two Arts [ndr : la peinture et la sculpture] deserves our Admiration most : The one, makes Marble-Stone and Brass soft and tender : the other, by a strange sort of Inchantment, makes a little Cloth and Colours show Living Figures, that upon a flat Superficies seem Round, and deceives the Eye into a Belief of Solids, while there is nothing but Lights and Shadows there : But this I may say in favour of the Art of Painting, whose praises I am now to Celebrate, That it certainly is of a greater Extent than Sculpture, and has an Infiniter Latitude to delight us withal.
            To see in one Piece the Beauty of the Heavens, the Verdant Glory of the Earth, the Order and Symmetry of Pallaces and Temples ; the Softness, Warmth, Strength, and Tenderness of Naked Figures, the Glorious Colours of Draperies and Dresses of all kinds, the Liveliness of Animals ; and above all, the Expression of our Passions, Customs, Manners, Rites, Ceremonies, Sacred and Prophane : All this, I say, upon a piece of portative Cloth, easily carried, and as easily placed, is a Charm ; which no other Art can equal.

Air.
Is properly taken for the Look of a Figure, and is used in this Manner, The Air of the Heads of Young Women, or Grave Men, &c.

Antique.
This word Comprehends all the Works of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture that have been made in the Time of the Antient Greeks and Romans, from Alexander the Great, to the Emperour Phocas ; under whom the Goths Ravaged Italy.

Aptitude.
It come from the Italian word Attitudine, and means the posture and action that any Figure is represented in.

Cartoon.
It is taken for a Design made of many Sheets of Paper pasted together ; in which the whole Story to be painted in Fresco, is all drawn exactly, as it must be upon the Wall in Colours : Great Painters never painting in Fresco, but they make Cartoons first.

Colouring.
’Tis one of the parts of Painting, by which the Objects to be painted receive their Complexion, together with their True Lights and Shadows.

Chiaro-Scuro.
It is taken in two Senses : first, Painting in Chiaro-Scuro, is meant, when there are only two Colours employed. Secondly, It is taken for the disposing of the Lights and Shadows Skilfully ; as when we say, A Painter understands well the Chiaro-Scuro.

Contour.
The Contour of a Body, are the Lines that environ it, and make the Superficies of it.

Design.
Has two Significations : First, As a part of Painting, it signifies the just Measures, Proportions, and Outvvard Forms that a Body, imitated from Nature, ought to havt. Secondly, It signifies the whole Composition of a piece of Painting ; as when we say, There is great Design in such a Piece.

Distemper
A sort of Painting that implys the Colours mingled with Gumm. And the difference between that and Miniature, is than the one only uses the Point of the Pencil, the other gives the Pencil its whole Liberty.

Drapery.
Is a General Word for all sorts of Cloathing, with which Figures are Adorned : So we say, Such a Painter disposes well the Foldings of his Drapery.

Figure.
Though this word be very General, and may be taken for any painted Object ; yet it is in Painting, generally taken for Humane Figures.

Fresco.
A Sort of Painting, where the Colours are applyed upon fresh Mortar, that they may Incorporate with the Lime and Sand.

Festoon.
Is an Ornament of Flowers, employed in Borders and Decorations.

Grotesk.
Is properly the Painting that is found under Ground in the Ruines of Rome ; but it signifies more commonly a sort of Painting that expresses odd Figures of Animals, Birds, Flowers, Leaves, or such like, mingled together in one Ornament or Border.

Gruppo.
Is a Knot of Figures together, either in the middle or sides of a piece of Painting. So Carrache would not allow above three Gruppos, nor above twelve Figures for any Piece.

History.
History-Painting is an Assembling of many Figures in one Piece, to Represent any Action of Life, whether True or Fabulous, accompanied with all its Ornaments of Landskip and Perspective.

Manner.
We call Manner the Habit of a Painter, not only of his Hand, but of his Mind ; that is, his way of expressing himself in the three principal Parts of Painting, Design, Colouring, and Invention ; it answers to Stile in Authors ; for a Painter is known by his Manner, as an Author by his Stile, or a Man’s Hand by his Writing.

Model.
Is any Object that a Painter works by, either after Nature, or otherwise ; but most commonly it signifies that which Sculptors, Painters, and Architects make to Govern themselves by in their Design.

Nudity.
Signifies properly any Naked Figure of Man or Woman ; but most commonly of Woman ; as when we say, ’Tis a Nudity, we mean the Figure of a Naked Woman.

Print.
Is the Impression of a Graven or Wooden Plate upon Paper or Silk, Representing some Piece that it has been Graved after.

Relievo.
Is properly any Embossed Sculpture that rises from a flat Superficies. It is said likewise of Painting, that it has a great Relievo, when it is strong, and that the Figures appear round, and as it were, out of the Piece.

Shortning.
Is, when a Figure seems of greater quantity than really it is ; as, if it seems to be three foot long, when it is but one : Some call it Fore-Shortning.

Schizzo.
Is the first Design or Attempt of a Painter to Express his Thoughts upon any Subject. The Schizzos are ordinarily reduced into Cartoons in Fresco Painting, or Copyed and Enlarged in Oyl-Painting.

Tinto.
Is, when a thing is done only with one Colour, and that generally Black.

Traveller,
            The Art of Painting, is the Art of Representing any Object by Lines drawn upon a flat Superficies, which Lines are afterwards covered with Colours, and those Colours applied with a certain just distribution of Lights and Shades, with a regard to the Rules of Symetry and Perspective ; the whole producing a Likeness, or true Idæa of the Subject intended.

Traveller,
            The Art of Painting, is the Art of Representing any Object by Lines drawn upon a flat Superficies, which Lines are afterwards covered with Colours, and those Colours applied with a certain just distribution of Lights and Shades, with a regard to the Rules of Symetry and Perspective ; the whole producing a Likeness, or true Idæa of the Subject intended.
                        Friend,
            This seems to embrace a great deal ; for the words Symetry and Perspective, imply a knowledg in Proportions and Distances, and that supposes Geometry, in some measure, and Opticks, all which require much Time to Study them, and so I am still involved in perplexities of Art.
                        Traveller,
            It is true, that those Words seem to require some Knowledg of those Arts in the Painter, but much less in the Spectator ; for we may easily guess, whether Symetry be observed, if, for Example, in a Humane Body, we see nothing out of Proportion ; as if an Arm or a Leg be not too long or short for its Posture, or if the Posture its self be such as Nature allows of :

Traveller,
            The Art of Painting, is the Art of Representing any Object by Lines drawn upon a flat Superficies, which Lines are afterwards covered with Colours, and those Colours applied with a certain just distribution of Lights and Shades, with a regard to the Rules of Symetry and Perspective ; the whole producing a Likeness, or true Idæa of the Subject intended.
                        Friend,
            This seems to embrace a great deal ; for the words Symetry and Perspective, imply a knowledg in Proportions and Distances, and that supposes Geometry, in some measure, and Opticks, all which require much Time to Study them, and so I am still involved in perplexities of Art.
                        Traveller,
            It is true, that those Words seem to require some Knowledg of those Arts in the Painter, but much less in the Spectator ; for we may easily guess, whether Symetry be observed, if, for Example, in a Humane Body, we see nothing out of Proportion ; as if an Arm or a Leg be not too long or short for its Posture, or if the Posture its self be such as Nature allows of : And for Perspective, we have only to observe whether the Objects represented to be at a distance, do lessen in the Picture, as they would do naturally to the Eye, at such and such distances ; thus you see these are but small Difficulties.

Traveller,
            Design is the Expressing with a Pen, or Pencil, or other Instrument, the Likeness of any Object by its out Lines, or Contours ; and he that Understands and Mannages well these first Lines, working after Nature still, and using extream Diligence, and skill may with Practice and Judgment, arrive to an Excellency in the Art.
                        Friend,
            Me thinks that should be no difficult Matter, for we see many whose Inclination carys them to Draw any thing they see, and they perform it with ease.
                        Traveller,
            I grant you, Inclination goes a great way in disposing the Hand, but a strong Imagination only, will not carry a Painter through ; For when he compares his Work to Nature, he will soon find, that great Judgment is requisite, as well as a Lively Fancy ; and particularly when he comes to place many Objects together in one Piece or Story, which are all to have a just relation to one another. There he will find that not only the habit of the Hand but the strength of the Mind is requisite ; therefore all the Eminent Painters that ever were, spent more time in Designing after the Life, and after the Statues of the Antients, then ever did in learning how to colour their Works ; that so they might be Masters of Design, and be able to place readily every Object in its true situation.
                        Friend,
            Now you talk of Nature and Statues, I have heard Painters blam’d for working after both.
                        Traveller,
            It is very true, and justly ; but less for working after Nature than otherwise. Caravaggio a famous Painter is blam’d for having meerly imitated Nature as he found her, without any correction of Forms. And Perugin, another Painter is blam’d for having wrought so much after Statues, that his Works never had that lively easiness which accompanies Nature ; and of this fault Raphael his Scholar was a long time guilty, till he Reform’d it by imitating Nature.

Traveller,
            Design is the Expressing with a Pen, or Pencil, or other Instrument, the Likeness of any Object by its out Lines, or Contours ; and he that Understands and Mannages well these first Lines, working after Nature still, and using extream Diligence, and skill may with Practice and Judgment, arrive to an Excellency in the Art.
                        Friend,
            Me thinks that should be no difficult Matter, for we see many whose Inclination carys them to Draw any thing they see, and they perform it with ease.
                        Traveller,
            I grant you, Inclination goes a great way in disposing the Hand, but a strong Imagination only, will not carry a Painter through ; For when he compares his Work to Nature, he will soon find, that great Judgment is requisite, as well as a Lively Fancy ; and particularly when he comes to place many Objects together in one Piece or Story, which are all to have a just relation to one another. There he will find that not only the habit of the Hand but the strength of the Mind is requisite ; therefore all the Eminent Painters that ever were, spent more time in Designing after the Life, and after the Statues of the Antients, then ever did in learning how to colour their Works ; that so they might be Masters of Design, and be able to place readily every Object in its true situation.