DUIDELIJKHEID (n. f.)

EVIDENCE (eng.) · EVIDENTIA (lat.)
TERM USED IN EARLY TRANSLATIONS
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Quotation

Staet de Konstenaers maer alleen daer op te letten, dat sy haer selven in dit stuck niet al te vele toe geven, met Dionysius Longynus {de sublimi oratione par. 2} wat onderscheydt maeckende tusschen de verbeeldenskracht die de Poeten gaerne maeckt; en d'andere die de Schilders te werck stelt. De Poetische fantasije en heeft anders gheen ooghenmerck, als een onsinnigheyds der verwonderinghe te verwecken: De Konstenaers daer en teghen sijn maer allen op de uytdruckelickheydt uyt. Soo soecken 't oock de Poeten alsso te maecken, seght den selvighen Autheur {par. 13}, dat haere ghedichten fabelachtigh en de waerheydt onghelick souden schijnen te sijn; 't fraeyste daer en teghen 't welck in de fantasije der Schilders aen ghemerckt moet worden, bestaet daerin, dat haere verbeeldinghen krachtigh sijn en de waerheydt over-een komen. Aenghesien wy dan uyt het ghene tot noch toe gheseyt is ten volsten overtuyght sijn dat de fantasije de Schilders soo wel als de Poeten treffelicke verbeeldinghen voordraeght, soo en mach oock niemant daer aen twijffelen of 't staet hun beyde toe dese milde Beelden-voetster in grooter waerdt te houden, ten eynde dat de selvighe door een daghelicksche oeffeninghe vast en seker ginghe, sonder in 't minste te wanckelen of sich yet van 't ghene sy eens ghevat heeft te laeten ontvallen. […] Soo verstaen wy dan oock uyt het gene voor desen gheseyt is de reden waerom Dionysius Longinus {par. 13} betuyght dat het voornaemste eynde der fantasije in de uytdruckelickheyt ofte duydelickheyt bestaet: als oock dat de Konst door 't behulp der fantasije gheholpen sijnde ghemackelick van de menschen schijnt te verwerven het ghene sy hun afdringht,

[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] It is only necessary for the Artists to pay attention that they do not show themselves too much in this part, discerning somewhat, together with Dionysius Longynus {…}, between the imagination that makes the Poets; and the other that puts the Painters to work. The Poetic fantasy has no other aim than to stir a senselessness of astonishment: The Artists by contrast only aim at perspicuity. The Poets also try to make it such, says the same Author {…}, that her poems would appear to be fabulous and different from the truth; by contrast the most splendid [NDR: element] which has to be noticed in the fantasy of Painters, consists of this, that her representations are powerful and consistent with the truth. Seeing that we are then completely convinced, from that which has been said up until now, that the fantasy offers striking representations, as such nobody can doubt that both place high value on this mild 'Image-nurse', with the result that it surely goes through daily exercise, without ever staggering or letting go of anything they once comprehended. […]From that which has been said before we thus we understand the reason why Dionysius Longinus {…} declares that the principal aim of fantasy exists in the perspicuitys or the clarity: as well that the Art, helped by the assistance of fantasy, appears to easily obtain of man that which she exacts of him.

In the Latin edition (1637), Junius only uses the Greek term, εκπληξις. [MO]

Conceptual field(s)

CONCEPTS ESTHETIQUES → nature, imitation et vrai

Quotation

Ghelijck dan een gheleerd ende vernuftigh Konstenaer vaerdighelick plaght uyt te vinden wat verdient gheschildert te worden, soo plagt hy met eenen oock sijne eyghene krachten voorsichtighlick t’overweghen, of hy naemelick maghtigh is uyt te voeren ’t ghene hy ter hand treckt. Neemt een materie, seght Horatius {In Arte.}, die met uwe krachten overeen komt; laet oock uwe schouderen van langher hand beproeven watse magtig sijn te draeghen ofte niet. Die sich in sijnen keur niet en vergrijpt, het en sal hem nimmermeer aen uytdruckelickheyd ende aen duydelickheyd van een klaerschijnende ordre ontbreken.

[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Just like a knowledgeable and ingenious Artist tends to find out capably what deserves to be painted, as such he tends to also weigh his own strengths carefully, namely whether he is capable to produce that which he draws by hand. Take a matter, says Horace {…}, that coincides with your powers; also let your shoulders slowly experience what they are able to carry or not. He who does not mistake in his choice, it will never again lack him in perspicuitys and clarity of a bright level.

The quote from Horace does not occur in the English edition. [MO]

Conceptual field(s)

EFFET PICTURAL → qualité de la composition

Quotation

Alhoewel wy in de voorighe afdeylinghen wijdloopighlick genoeg hebben aengewesen, dat de schilderijen door ’t bequaeme by een voeghen der figuren veelsins worden gheholpen; so schijnt doch evewel de duydelickheyt, die somtijds oock d’uytdruckelickheyt ghehnaemt wordt, een van de voornaemste vruchten der Ordinantie te wesen. Want gelijck een goed ende omsightigh Konstenaer het gantsche beleyd sijner Dispositie uyt de kracht der fantasije ghewoon is the haelen, mids de gantsche geleghenheyd der materie sich selven als teghenwoordigh voorstellende; so plaght hy oock altijd een klaer en levendigh afdrucksel van dese verbeelde teghenwordigheyd soo krachtighlick in sijne wercken in te printen, dat d’aendachtighe aenschouwers door de duydelickheyt deser afbeeldinghen aengheleydt sijnde, even de selvighe verbeeldenskracht in haere herten schijnen te vernemen, die den werckenden Konstenaer wel eer in ’t schicken ende ’t by een voeghen der materie ghevoelt heeft, siet de laetste afdeylinge van ’t vierde Capittel onses eersten Boecks, alwaer wy den grond-slag van dit punt kortelick hebben aengheroert. De uytdruckelickheyt vereyscht dat men d’afgebeelde dinghen niet verkeerdelick voorstelle, maer achter volghens d’orden daer in de dinghen selver gheschiedt sijn, seght Aristides Rhetor de Civili orat. Cap. 10. De uytdruckelickheyd t’saemen ghevoeghd e en konstighlick in een ghevlochten dinghen, seght Lucianus [De Conscribe. historia}, moet over al in het gantsche werck uytschijnen; vant de volmaecktheyd des wercks voornamelick daer in gheleghen is.

[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Although we have abundantly shown in the previous sections, that the paintings are helped significantly by the competent combining of figures; as such the clarity, which is sometimes also called the perspicuitys, appears to be one of the main fruits of the Ordinance. Because like a good and careful Artist is used to get the whole idea of his Disposition from the power of the fantasy, by imagining the whole circumstance of the matter to himself as if present; as such he also always tends imprint a clear and lively impression of this imagined presence so powerful in his mind, that the observant spectators, because of the clarity of this depiction, are incited to seemingly feel the same imagination in their hearts, which the Artist has felt earlier in the composing and combining of the matter, see the last section of the fourth Chapter of our first Book, where we have refered briefly to the principle of this point. The perspicuitys demands that one does not depict the depicted things incorrectly, but [NDR: instead] by following the order in which the things themselves happened, says Aristides (…). The perspicuitys of combined and artfully interwoven things, says Lucianus {…}, has to be clear everywhere in the whole work, because the perfection of the work mainly consists in this.

Junius explicitly mentions clarity (duidelijkheid) and perspicuity (uitdrukkelijkheid) as the result of a good composition or the right way of ordering the figures and subject matter in a painting. He explains that a good artist has imprinted the circumstances or presence (tegenwoordigheid) of the subject matter in his mind and will then instill this idea in the public. The Latin edition of 1637 only includes the citation from Lucian, the rest of the section is not present there. [MO]

Conceptual field(s)

CONCEPTS ESTHETIQUES → nature, imitation et vrai
L’HISTOIRE ET LA FIGURE → sujet et choix